Tag Archives: China

     Following is a question by Dr the Hon Elvin Lee and a written reply by the Acting Secretary for Education, Dr Sze Chun-fai, in the Legislative Council today (October 21):

Question:

     It has been reported that the findings of a survey released by an organisation in August 2026 on “Research on Hong Kong Children’s Subjective Well-being” revealed that, under the influence of an objective environment characterised by “high competition”, “great emphasis on academic performance” and “high expectations of achievement”, children’s “subjective well-being” is often undermined by academic burden and invisible pressure from parents, and they may even use online games as a “digital escape” due to a lack of autonomy in real life, thereby arousing public concern about the affective development of children. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council:

(1) as it is learnt that the Education Bureau has launched the Assessment Program for Affective and Social Outcomes (APASO) since 2003 and has collaborated with a local university in recent years to conduct a comprehensive review and revision of APASO for schools to conduct related student questionnaire surveys anonymously, so as to examine their students’ development and needs in the affective and social domains, including their physical and mental health as well as school life, and the relevant data form part of the Key Performance Measures, whether the authorities have tracked and analysed the trends, changes and causes in respect of students’ “affective development” in recent years, and whether such trends are consistent with the findings of the aforementioned survey; if so, of the details; if not, the reasons for that;

(2) whether the authorities have, based on the data collected through APASO, made adjustments and provided support at the school level in respect of the curriculum arrangements, assessment methods and learning activities in response to the trends and changes in students’ development in the affective domain, such as adjusting examination and assessment methods, as well as increasing classroom interactions and experiential learning; if so, of the details; if not, the reasons for that; and

(3) whether the authorities have evaluated the effectiveness of their work in co-ordinating schools to strengthen collaboration with parents to help parents understand children’s affective development needs and identify any invisible pressure that they may exert, through channels such as parent education, training or seminars; if so, of the details; if not, the reasons for that?

Reply:

President,

     The Education Bureau (EDB) attaches great importance to students’ affective development and their physical and psychological well-being. “Healthy Lifestyle” has long been one of the seven learning goals of primary and secondary education. Under the enhanced School Development and Accountability framework, the EDB has been encouraging schools to conduct school self‑evaluation (SSE) through the “Planning-Implementation-Evaluation” cycle, in a bid to assess the implementation and effectiveness of measures for promoting students’ affective development and their physical and psychological well-being with a view to making corresponding refinements. To support schools in conducting evidence-based SSE, the EDB launched the Assessment Program for Affective and Social Outcomes (APASO) as an SSE tool in 2003. Through questionnaire surveys, schools are able to collect data to assess students’ development and needs in the affective and social domains, as well as the effectiveness of the related measures implemented in schools so as to inform schools’ planning. The EDB has commissioned a tertiary institution to comprehensively review and revise APASO. Subsequently, the secondary and primary editions of APASO (3rd Version) were launched in the 2022/23 and 2023/24 school years respectively. Concurrently, the norm data of APASO was also updated to provide schools with the latest territory-wide information on students’ development in the affective and social domains for reference.

     Our consolidated reply to the question raised by Dr the Hon Elvin Lee is as follows:

(1) and (2) APASO has been in use in the school sector for many years and is widely adopted by schools. As one of the SSE tools, APASO has evolved to its third version. Given the varying school contexts, schools may make flexible use of the assessment items of APASO related to affective development according to their needs to gain a comprehensive understanding of students’ development and needs across different domains. Since the questionnaire is completed by students on their own, the data collected may be influenced by various factors, such as the timing of the survey administration and response rate. Therefore, neither is it appropriate to assess students’ affective and social performance solely on the basis of APASO data, nor is it appropriate to make simple comparisons between data obtained from different assessment tools. In general, schools currently conduct integrated analyses and exercise professional judgement by, for instance, comparing data among different student groups and examining changes in data across years, together with other qualitative and quantitative SSE information and data, such as teachers’ observations, school-based questionnaires and students’ reflections. This enables schools to gain an understanding of students’ development and needs, including their affective development as well as physical and psychological well-being so as to formulate appropriate follow-up strategies.

     Students take part in the questionnaire surveys in an anonymous manner.  The assessment items include students’ physical and psychological well-being and their school life, allowing them to express their personal experiences and perception across different domains. The information collected facilitates schools’ annual SSE and their continuous refinements of development directions and priorities. On the basis of schools’ SSE, the EDB validates the effectiveness of schools’ work, including overall curriculum planning, assessment policies, student support measures through various modes of inspections. It also provides appropriate feedback on school development and students’ needs with a view to promoting schools’ continuous development and safeguarding students’ well-being. In addition, the EDB will continue to review the applicability of the norm data through on-going professional research.

     In addition to providing schools with the above SSE tool to facilitate their understanding of students’ development and needs in the affective and social domains, the EDB has all along been providing clear guidelines and recommended measures on the school assignment policy, emphasising that primary and secondary schools should adopt the principle of “quality rather than the quantity that matters” in the design and arrangement of homework, including the formulation of a school-based co‑ordination mechanism, taking into account students’ balanced development and healthy lifestyles, and avoiding excessive homework. Schools should also keep under review the implementation of these measures, with a view to creating space for students. The EDB has also reminded schools to review their existing assessment policy, including adopting flexible and diversified assessment modes to replace traditional written tests and examinations, reducing the frequency of dictations, tests and examinations, or cancelling term examinations for individual year levels, planning the assessment arrangements for different key stages in a progressive manner, so as to reduce students’ academic pressure and promote their physical and psychological well-being.

     Furthermore, the Values Education Curriculum Framework (2026) announced in April 2026 continues to identify health education (including promotion of physical and psychological well-being) as one of the major focuses that schools should continue to strengthen. It also sets out suggested expected learning outcomes for students in respective key learning stages, which include facing stress with a positive and optimistic attitude and alleviating it through appropriate means. Schools also support students in learning to face setbacks and stress with a positive attitude through activities within and beyond the classroom.

(3) Parents are key stakeholders in the school education process, playing crucial roles in supporting students’ growth and learning as well as fostering their positive values and whole-person development. The Government has all along been adopting a multi-pronged approach to promote home-school co-operation and parent education. To enable parents to acquire the knowledge and skills for nurturing their children in a more systematic manner, the EDB has launched the Curriculum Frameworks on Parent Education applicable to kindergartens, primary schools and secondary schools. It also organises courses and talks on parent education on an ongoing basis, covering different topics such as how to help children cope with stress and develop a healthy lifestyle, and exercising empathy to help children understand, express and regulate their emotions, thereby assisting parents in supporting the affective development of their children. The EDB runs the territory-wide Positive Parent Campaign every year to promote parent education through extensive and diversified channels like outreach programmes, competitions, parent-child activity days, with a view to fostering positive thinking among parents to help children grow up healthily. Through the one-stop parent education website Smart Parent Net (parent.edu.hk) and its social media platforms, the EDB disseminates information on supporting the physical and psychological development of children, including character development, parent-child relationship and emotional management of parents. Overall, parents participated actively in the activities and provided positive feedback. The EDB has conducted questionnaire surveys to collect participants’ views. The results showed that most of them considered the activities useful in helping them enhance their understanding of relevant topics and acquire the knowledge and skills for nurturing their children. read more

     The Environmental Protection Department (EPD) has recorded higher than normal air pollution levels since this morning (October 21), and the health risk category of the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) at some air quality monitoring stations has reached the “Serious” level.
 
     Winds are weak over Hong Kong today, which are unfavourable for pollutant dispersion. The intense sunshine enhances photochemical smog activity, leading to the rapid formation of ozone and fine particulates in the Pearl River Delta region. The high ozone level also promotes the formation of nitrogen dioxide.
 
     According to the Hong Kong Observatory, a northeast monsoon is expected to affect the coast of southern China later today. It is expected that air quality will improve by then.
 
     With a health risk category in the “Very High” range or above, children, the elderly and persons with existing heart or respiratory illnesses are advised to reduce physical exertion and outdoor activities to a minimum or avoid such activities. The general public is advised to reduce, or reduce to a minimum, outdoor physical exertion, and to reduce time outdoors, especially in areas with heavy traffic. As health effects of air pollutants may vary for individuals, persons who are in doubt or experience discomfort should seek advice from healthcare professionals. The public may visit the Centre for Health Protection’s website (www.chp.gov.hk/en/content/9/460/3557.html) for more information on health effects of air pollution and relevant health advice.
 
     The Education Bureau (EDB) urges all schools to visit the EDB website for appropriate measures to safeguard students’ health and take note of changes in the index. The relevant hyperlink is as follows: www.edb.gov.hk/en/sch-admin/admin/about-activities/sch-activities-guidelines/index.html.
 
     When the air quality health risk category is at the “Very High” level, employers of outdoor workers performing heavy manual work are advised to assess the risk of outdoor work and take appropriate preventive measures to protect the health of their employees, such as reducing outdoor physical exertion and the time of their stay outdoors, especially in areas with heavy traffic. At the “Serious” level, employers of all outdoor workers are advised to assess the risk of outdoor work and take appropriate preventive measures to protect the health of their employees.
 
     Members of the public can check the current AQHI readings on the EPD’s website (www.aqhi.gov.hk/en.html). read more

     Following is a question by the Hon Hung Kam-in and a reply by the Secretary for Commerce and Economic Development, Mr Algernon Yau, in the Legislative Council today (October 21):
 
Question:
 
     As the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government actively aligns with the national development strategies, the development of the convention and exhibition (C&E) industry in the Northern Metropolis (NM) has attracted considerable attention. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council:
 
(1) of the direct and indirect economic contributions generated by Hong Kong’s C&E industry (including its proportion in the Gross Domestic Product), the number of overnight Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE) arrivals and the per-capita spending of MICE visitors, changes in the usable exhibition space at major C&E venues over the past three years, and the major support measures currently provided by the Government for the industry (including the various subsidy schemes and the latest progress of venue expansion);
 
(2) whether it is aware of the rental situation and demand at the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre and AsiaWorld-Expo during traditional peak seasons; whether it has assessed the adequacy of the aforesaid venues in coping with the industry’s demands, including supporting exhibitions of new organisers and start-ups; whether it will strengthen auxiliary facilities for C&E-related industries in the NM’s planning; and
 
(3) whether it will further strengthen the positioning of the C&E industry as a strategic industry and incorporate small and medium-sized exhibition venues or multi-purpose venues into the NM’s land use and urban planning (e.g. in the Hung Shui Kiu/Ha Tsuen New Development Area or the Boundary Commerce and Industry Zone) together with clearance facilitation and subsidy measures, so as to create local employment and enhance the industry ladder?
 
Reply:
 
President,
 
     On the questions raised by the Hon Hung Kam-in, having consulted the Culture, Sports and Tourism Bureau and the Development Bureau, I provide the consolidated reply as follows:
 
     The National 15th Five-Year Plan Outline supports Hong Kong in consolidating and enhancing its status as an international trade centre. The convention and exhibition (C&E) industry plays a vital role in reinforcing Hong Kong’s position as an international trade centre by attracting high-spending overnight business visitors to Hong Kong, thereby generating business opportunities for industries including the local tourism, retail, catering, entertainment, etc. They also promote the overall economic development, trading, and various industries as well as brands. Accordingly, the First Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (2026-2030) proposes to fully leverage the “international showroom” function of Hong Kong’s C&E industry and its edge in brand building, with a focus on attracting more world-class exhibition events and trade fairs to be staged in Hong Kong.
 
     According to the latest figures released by the industry recently, the C&E industry contributed $50.2 billion to Hong Kong’s economy in 2024, equivalent to 1.6 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product, while supporting approximately 67 000 full-time jobs. The findings also show that international exhibition visitors and overseas exhibitors spent an average of $9,326 and $9,107 per capita respectively. The spending power of these two key high-value segments was approximately 70 per cent higher than that of general overnight visitors, whose average per capita spending was $5,490.
 
     The Government has been supporting the development of the C&E industry through diverse measures. Since 2020, the Government has allocated over $3.1 billion to implement different support measures, including the launch of the Incentive Scheme for Recurrent Exhibitions (ISRE) in 2023 and the allocation of additional funding to launch ISRE 2.0 in July 2025. By providing venue rental incentives (with maximum incentive amounts for each eligible exhibition capped at $20 million and $10 million respectively), the two schemes attracted local and international exhibitions of different scales to be staged recurrently in Hong Kong. Alongside the Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre (HKCEC) and AsiaWorld-Expo (AWE), the Central Harbourfront Event Space and relevant parts of the West Kowloon Cultural District were added in ISRE 2.0 as specified venues, thereby offering organisers more venue options and benefitting more eligible exhibitions. The two schemes have concluded, supporting over 320 exhibitions covering different industries and themes such as electronics, jewellery, arts, etc. and successfully assisting the industry to cope with the epidemic, promoting post-epidemic recovery and injecting momentum to the sustainable development of the industry.
 
     Also, the Government has earmarked $100 million to attract high-quality, large-scale international exhibitions with new elements to Hong Kong. The objective is to develop Hong Kong into the first-choice platform for showcasing Mainland and international brands, while attracting high-spending business visitors to Hong Kong and driving high value-added economic activities. The first such international flagship exhibition brought to Hong Kong under the new funding will be held in this November, centred around superyachts and premium lifestyle elements. We will continue to make good use of the funding to attract large-scale, high-quality international exhibitions with new elements to Hong Kong with a view to driving high value-added economic activities and benefiting different industries. In addition, the Government will continue to support the Hong Kong Tourism Board in promoting Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions (MICE) tourism and facilitating the staging of international conferences and exhibitions in Hong Kong, including through the Funding Support for Small-sized Meeting, Incentive and Convention Groups, which encourages the industry to bring C&E events of different scales and types to Hong Kong.
 
     As regards the supply and demand of C&E facilities, the two dedicated venues for large-scale C&E events in Hong Kong, viz. HKCEC and AWE, currently provide a total rentable C&E area of around 158 000 square metres. In 2025, the two venues hosted over 360 C&E events of various scales, involving 7.7 million participant counts. The overall occupancy rates of both venues have remained stable in recent years, while venue utilisation during peak seasons has been particularly high, with the venues being fully booked during relevant periods.
 
     In response to the industry’s keen demand for exhibition venues and to consolidate and enhance the pre-eminent position of Hong Kong as an international C&E hub, the Airport Authority Hong Kong is currently carrying out the AWE Phase 2 expansion project which is expected to be completed in 2028. Apart from providing more C&E facilities, the AWE Phase 2 will include a multi-purpose indoor arena with a seating capacity of over 20 000 people to meet the demand for mega international C&E, entertainment and sports events. The project will also create synergy with the Airport Yacht Bay and SKYTOPIA developments, helping attract a wide array of large-scale international trade events, as well as C&E events and activities relating to the aviation and yachting sectors, with a view to jointly building a landmark destination for the world’s greatest mega events. On the other hand, the Government is taking forward the Wan Chai North Redevelopment project near HKCEC as planned, and will set up a task force to be led by the Deputy Financial Secretary to oversee the project with a view to ensuring the smooth and timely implementation of the HKCEC expansion.
 
     The AWE Phase 2 expansion and the Wan Chai North Redevelopment project will provide an additional rentable C&E space of over 63 000 square metres in total. We anticipate that the two projects will complement each other, and the increased overall C&E space will cater for the needs of the industry in staging C&E events of different formats and scales. Apart from these major Government-led C&E facility projects, there are also a number of small and medium-sized C&E or multi-purpose venues developed and operated by the private sector having regard to market demands and commercial considerations so as to meet the needs of C&E events of different scales.
 
     Regarding the development of the Northern Metropolis, the Government adopts an industry-led planning approach and has reserved land for a diverse range of industries in various New Development Areas to meet market demands and support the development needs of different sectors. In considering the provision of additional C&E facilities, the Government will take into account all relevant factors in a holistic manner. At this stage, priority is being accorded to the implementation of the Wan Chai North Redevelopment and the AWE expansion projects. We will continue to maintain close communication with key stakeholders to keep abreast of the industry’s long-term demand for C&E facilities. read more

     Following is a question by the Hon Julia Lau and a written reply by the Secretary for Development, Ms Bernadette Linn, in the Legislative Council today (October 21):

Question: 

     Works departments of the Government prepare quarterly performance reports to assess the performance of contractors across various public works contracts, with site safety being a key attribute. The industry has reflected that the existing assessment system often fails to accurately reflect the actual safety levels and risk profiles of individual sites (such as the severity of work injuries involved), and is also unfair to public works contractors (contractors) who have accumulated demerit points due to individual incidents involving minor injuries, which may even lead to unreasonable disqualification from tendering or prohibition from participating in tenders. In this connection, will the Government inform this Council:

(1) how the works departments, the Hong Kong Housing Authority and the Labour Department currently handle work injury cases of varying degrees of severity when assessing the site safety performance of contractors and calculating the accident rates of public works; under the existing tender evaluation mechanism, whether minor injury incidents (such as those requiring treatment on the spot or brief absence from work) are aggregated with fatal accidents or incidents resulting in serious disability and affect the scores of contractors; if so, of the reasons; if the authorities adopt an “all-inclusive” approach, whether they have assessed if such an approach would result in the tender scores of contractors being excessively affected by minor injury incidents, thereby failing to differentiate genuinely high-risk and poorly-managed sites;

(2) in the past five years (from 2021 to 2025), among contractors’ scoring records at the end of a quarter or upon completion of works in respect of various types of public works and public housing works, of the situations where demerit points were allotted to contractors due to site accidents; among them, the respective numbers and proportions of cases involving (i) fatal incidents or incidents resulting in serious disability and (ii) minor injury incidents; and

(3) whether the authorities will consider introducing a more refined “grading system for work injuries on construction sites” in the scoring of “site safety” and the calculation of site accident rates, under which grading will be made according to the severity and risk nature of the accidents, and differential scores and demerit point arrangements will be set for different grades; in addition, whether the authorities will consider introducing a reasonable tolerance for minor incidents, and specifying the circumstances under which the situation will be regarded as poor management and allot demerit points, as well as specifying the categories of work injuries that will affect the tendering eligibility of contractors, thereby clarifying the weighting of various types of work injuries in the scoring; if so, of the relevant progress and direction of the study; if not, whether the authorities will conduct a review?

Reply:

President,

     The Government attaches great importance to site safety. When evaluating tenders for public works contracts, in addition to considering the tender price, we also assess the technical competence and past performance of tenderers. Depending on the complexity of the projects, technical score could account for 40 per cent to 50 per cent of the overall score. As regards the technical score, tenderers’ abilities to ensure site safety and their past performance are the key attributes taken into consideration. Under the current tender evaluation mechanism, attributes related to site safety make up about 30 per cent of the technical score. In addition, the Development Bureau (DEVB) closely monitors the performance of contractors in undertaking public works contracts through the quarterly performance assessment mechanism, in which site safety is one of the important assessment items. If a contractor’s site safety performance in a public works contract is unsatisfactory, in addition to requiring immediate improvements, we will, depending on the performance and persistency in respective aspects (such as provision and maintenance of plant, working environment, safety information, safety instruction and training, safe system of work, employment of safety officer/supervisor, site accident record and severity of site accidents), reflect in the score of its quarterly performance report, which will affect its chances of winning future tenders. In serious cases, different regulating actions will be taken against the contractor concerned, including suspending it from tendering for public works contracts or even removal from the approved lists of public works contractors.

     Having consulted the Hong Kong Housing Authority (HA) and the Labour Department (LD), the co-ordinated replies to various parts of the question are as follows:

(1) The LD compiles the industrial accident rate of the construction industry, based on fatal accidents or accidents with injuries resulting in incapacities for more than three days due to industrial activities that occurred in industrial undertakings as defined under the Factories and Industrial Undertakings Ordinance. In compiling the accident rate of public works contracts, the DEVB takes into account reportable accidents occurring on construction sites, including (i) fatal accidents, (ii) serious bodily injury accidents, and (iii) accidents with injuries resulting in incapacities for more than three days ((ii) and (iii) are collectively referred to as “non-fatal reportable accidents”). Minor injury incidents are not taken into account.

     In assessing the performance of public works contractors, works departments take into account their performance across various aspects of site safety, including scoring based on the accident rate of the public works contract and the severity of various categories of site accidents mentioned above, rather than assessing and handling them in an identical manner. If the accident rate of a public works contract is higher than the accident rate limit (viz. 0.3 reportable accidents per 100 000 man-hours worked), the aspect “site accident record” in the quarterly performance report of the contractor will be rated “Poor”, which will in turn affect the rating of the whole site safety performance attribute. Generally speaking, if a serious bodily injury accident occurs in a public works contract during the quarter, the whole site safety performance attribute of the contractor in its quarterly performance report will be rated “Poor” or even “Very Poor”. If a fatal accident occurs, it will be rated “Very Poor”.

(2) The number of public works contractors whose site safety performance was rated as “Poor” or “Very Poor” in the quarterly performance reports due to their involvement in fatal accidents or serious bodily injury accidents over the past five years (viz. from 2021 to 2025) is set out at Annex 1. In addition, non-reportable minor injury incidents in public works contracts do not directly affect quarterly performance assessments, and the DEVB does not maintain such information.

(3) If a contractor on the “List of Approved Contractors for Public Works” and the “List of Approved Suppliers of Materials and Specialist Contractors for Public Works” is involved in a serious site safety incident, and there is sufficient preliminary information causing the DEVB to reasonably suspect that the contractor may have caused or contributed to the incident, irrespective of whether it occurred on a public works, public sector or private sector site, and even if the LD’s investigation is still ongoing and the cause of the incident has not been concluded yet, the DEVB will, in accordance with the regulating mechanism, suspend the contractor’s tendering eligibility for public works contracts under relevant category or categories of works within a short period of time, to facilitate a prudent examination. Any tenders already submitted by the contractor concerned for public works contracts will not be considered during the suspension period. Subsequently, a Panel of Enquiry will be convened, and further regulating actions will be taken against the contractor as necessary, including suspension of tendering eligibility or even removal from the approved lists of public works contractors.

     When evaluating tenders for public works contracts, works departments take into account the contractor’s past performance, including the overall site safety performance in public works contracts, the accident rate of public works contracts (including non-fatal reportable accidents), and the records of serious site safety incidents (including fatal accidents or serious bodily injury accidents). Minor injury incidents are not considered.

     As regards the mechanism of the HA, if a contractor is involved in fatal or serious industrial accidents, the HA could take stringent regulating actions against the contractor concerned, including co-operating with the LD on the investigation, suspending it from tendering, and deducting marks from its safety performance score and its future works tenders of the HA. If a contractor is involved in minor injury incidents, it will not directly result in deduction from its safety performance score or affect its tendering eligibility. The HA compiles accident rates of works contracts on a quarterly basis as a key indicator for monitoring contractors’ overall safety risks and determining whether regulating action should be taken. The number of cases in which contractors had marks deducted in works tenders for the HA due to their involvement in fatal or serious industrial accidents (whether or not occurring in HA works) over the past five years is at Annex 2.

     In summary, the Government considers that the current mechanism can effectively identify high-risk works contracts and those with poor management, facilitating early intervention and prompt implementation of improvement measures, with a view to uplifting site safety performance. Through these measures, we also aim to motivate contractors to continuously maintain good site safety performance.

     As pointed out in parts (1) and (2) of the reply above, the Government has in fact implemented appropriate measures in assessment of performance of public works contractors and tender evaluation, based on the performance and persistency in respective assessment aspects and the severity of site accidents. In addition, works departments and the HA also evaluate the safety management systems and risk control measures implemented by contractors, as well as their practical implementation, through routine inspections, safety audits and surprise checks, rather than considering the numbers of accidents only. Works departments and the HA have established an alerting mechanism. When the accident rates or the numbers of accidents exceed the limits, follow-up actions will be taken against the contractors concerned and, where necessary, the LD’s investigation will be proactively supported. 

     Apart from monitoring contractors’ safety performance through assessment and regulating mechanisms, the Government has continuously strengthened the preventive measures in recent years by driving a wider adoption of innovation technologies to enhance the risk identification, management and control capabilities on site. The key measures include promoting a wider adoption of Smart Site Safety System (4S) which enables early identification of unsafe acts and potential risks. Furthermore, through contractual provisions, the HA also integrates safety data collected by 4S into the AI+ “HA-PIMAP” Project Information Management and Analytics Platform to strengthen the monitoring of contractors’ safety performance and enhance the safety awareness of the frontline site personnel.

     The objective of the Government is to minimise site safety accidents involving casualties of different degrees of severity and nature. We will continuously review the assessment and monitoring mechanism of contractors as well as the tender evaluation mechanism to ensure that these mechanisms can effectively identify site safety incidents and performance. read more

     The effective exchange rate index for the Hong Kong dollar on Wednesday, October 21, 2026 is 100.2 (same as yesterday’s index). read more